In the 19th and 20th century, the mainstream science, after the discovery of the fact of biological evolution, became obsessed with applying the concept of evolution to human social groups. Evolution conceived of as a ladder of development, to their minds, became a master key to understanding all of the social and biological differences between various groups: rich and poor, races, men and women, respectable and criminal, etc. Everywhere one looked, there was a hierarchy of differences: uneven economic development between nations; differences in literacy and educational attainment between classes, and on and on. The conventional prejudice of white scientists was this: there is a natural hierarchy, with white men at the top, and a gradation of inferiority below the top superior group. "Rank-order" was the guiding principle of how scientists set out to explain the tree of life: there are higher and lower forms. Nature is not egalitarian, but has advanced -- thus superior -- li...
This blog is dedicated to communist criticisms of various topics: democracy, capitalism, political economy, morality, education, current events, political theory, philosophy, the state, etc.